Hyperprolactinemiain women and men: clinical relevance, diagnosis and treatment. Areview of the literature
Keywords:
hyperprolactinemia, prolactinomas, prolactin, pituitary adenomas, infertility, reproductive violationsAbstract
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition characterized by an increase in prolactin levels in the blood. Most often, hyperprolactinemia
is caused by prolactinomas - tumors from the lactotrophic cells of the adenohypophysis. Taking medication
drugs, including antidepressants, the mechanism of action of which is associated with the dopamine system,
is accompanied by drug hyperprolactinemia. High levels of prolactin in the blood can lead to impaired sexual
and reproductive functions in both women and men. This is one of the most common causes of endocrine
infertility in patients of both sexes. Currently, the method of choice is hyperprolactinemia, in general, and prolactin,
in particular, is dopamine agonist therapy, which leads to normalization of prolactin levels, a decrease
in prolactin size, restoration of the menstrual cycle and ovulation in women, restoration of erectile
function and libido, improving sperm quality in men and reproductive function in patients of both sexes. The review
presents data on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical picture and methods of treating hyperprolactinemia.
The tactics of introducing patients with prolactinoma during pregnancy, as well as methods for treating tumors,
resistant to drug therapy.
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