Duration of folic acid intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.2.2023.68-75Keywords:
folic acid, gestational diabetes mellitus, lipid profileAbstract
Relevance: Among pregnant women registered for pregnancy, long-term folic acid intake is expected, which raises concern about possible side effects for both the mother and the fetus.
The study aimed to find the relation between the duration of folic acid intake and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in patients and to predict the directions and prospects for further research.
Materials and methods: This prospective study involved 147 pregnant women aged 16-18 weeks who were observed in the City Polyclinic No. 1 of Karaganda (Kazakhstan) from August 2018 to April 2020. The relationship between folic acid intake, lipid profile, and the risk of developing GSD was analyzed using linear and logistic regression models.
Results: The incidence of GDM in participants was 12.3%. We observed a U-shaped relationship between the duration of folic acid intake and the risk of developing GDM. Women who did not take folic acid and those who took folic acid for > 90 days had a higher incidence of GDM than those who took folic acid for ≤ 60 days. Moreover, the lipid profile positively correlated with the duration of folic acid intake and the risk of developing GDM. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, nutrient intake, and lipid profile, the odds ratio of GDM at folic acid supplementation for >90 days compared to folic acid supplementation for <=60 days were 3.45 (95% CI: 1.01-11.08).
Conclusion: This study indicates a positive association between long-term folic acid supplementation, second-trimester lipid profiles, and the risk of developing GDM. Further research is needed to check a larger sample of patients of different ages, BMI, and parity to test the causal relationships and the main mechanisms affecting the development of GDM.
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