The influence of the maternal microbiome on the development of preeclampsia: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.1.2024.44-51Keywords:
preeclampsia, microbiome, pregnancyAbstract
Relevance: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy. This severe variant of gestosis occurs after 20 weeks, is associated with angiogenic imbalance, maternal endothelial dysfunction, and end-organ damage, and is characterized by multiple organ dysfunctions. Regarding the fetus, its growth is limited. It is known that the microbiota is the main factor in maintaining homeostasis of the human body. It is entrusted with significant functions of energy metabolism, maturation and maintenance of the immune system, synthesis of vitamins, regulation of reabsorption of bile acids in the intestines, and much more.
The study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of the intestinal microbiota in preeclampsia and its relationship with preeclampsia.
Materials and methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published from 2012 to 2023 by the keywords «microbiome AND preeclampsia» and «microbiome AND pregnancy complications.» Thirty-seven foreign articles were analyzed.
Results: The studies’ results were similar, but ambiguous results were also found, which, of course, requires further study. It has been proven that opportunistic microflora contributes to developing numerous diseases under the influence of external factors.
However, the role of the microbiota has yet to be thoroughly studied due to various factors, ranging from the number of studies and their participants to ethical issues.
Conclusion: The question remains open whether the cause of preeclampsia is the «infectious burden» or the influence of some specific, currently unknown microorganism. The relevance of studying preeclampsia is undeniable, and it requires the search for new approaches to managing the occurrence and course of this disease and new opportunities for its prevention.
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