The influence of socio-clinical factors in the development of reproductive losses in early pregnancy

Abstract

Relevance: Despite the successes in organizing medical care in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the problem of spontaneous reproductive losses remains the most pressing. 
The study aimed to determine the influence of socio-clinical factors on the occurrence of reproductive losses in the early trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the clinical site of Karaganda Medical University from May 2022 to October 2023. In the study, 88 women of reproductive age were divided into 2 groups. The main group included 58 women who sought medical help due to reproductive loss before 13 weeks of pregnancy and with a history of two or more adverse pregnancy outcomes. The control group included 30 women with no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes. When registering for pregnancy dispensaries, women underwent a survey, where special attention was paid to such socio-clinical factors as smoking, working conditions, age, and the number of pregnancies in the anamnesis. Women’s height and weight were also measured and entered into questionnaires using standardized protocols to calculate body mass index (BMI).
Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and Statistica StatSoft software (trial version). Before performing statistical analysis, the significance level was set to α=0.05.
Results: Quantitative indicators statistically significantly differed in pregnant women of the main and control groups, indicating that the risks of reproductive losses may be observed with a higher probability in women with a large number of pregnancies in the anamnesis, already known facts of reproductive failures, aged 24-37 years and BMI 22.15-29.31. Qualitative criteria showed that reproductive losses are possible in almost every fifth smoking woman. In women working in heavy industries, the probability of pregnancy loss in the early stages is highest and is about 35%.
Conclusion: The main socio-clinical factors of reproductive failures in the early trimester of pregnancy can be considered the woman’s age over 31 years, smoking, an unconscious approach to pregnancy planning, difficult working conditions, and excess body weight.