Assessment of the clinical significance of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.2.2024.74-79Keywords:
magnesium, pregnancy, magnesium deficiency, trace elementsAbstract
Relevance: Studying magnesium deficiency during pregnancy is crucial due to its extensive impact on maternal health and fetal development. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to adverse outcomes such as premature birth, gestational diabetes, and hypertension. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of hypomagnesemia is vital in healthcare, as it can lead to new preventive and treatment strategies, improving pregnancy outcomes and the health of future generations.
The study aimed to summarize current data on the clinical significance of magnesium deficiency, as reported in journals focused on obstetrics and perinatology.
Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, covering domestic and international studies from the past decade (2013-2023). Keywords used in the search included "magnesium," "pregnancy," "magnesium deficiency," and "trace elements," employing MESH for keyword searches.
Results: The analysis highlights the essential role of magnesium in pregnancy and childbirth outcomes, as well as fetal growth, development, and postnatal health. Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy can have serious repercussions for both mother and fetus. This condition is recognized in the ICD-10 under E61.3 "magnesium deficiency." Magnesium is crucial for various biological processes, including muscle contraction, cardiac function, blood pressure regulation, and metabolism. During pregnancy, the increased magnesium requirement is essential for fetal development and maternal health. Insufficient magnesium intake can lead to complications, but a balanced diet with magnesium-rich foods like nuts, seeds, greens, grains, and beans can prevent deficiency and related pregnancy issues.
Conclusion: Pregnant women are at a heightened risk of magnesium deficiency, potentially leading to significant fetal developmental issues and increased rates of premature birth. Current literature indicates that low maternal magnesium levels during pregnancy should be considered a factor in the fetal programming of adult diseases.
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