Prevention and treatment of colorectal diseases in pregnant women in outpatient settings: A retrospective cohort study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.1.2025.449Keywords:
pregnant women, trimester, coloproctological diseasesAbstract
Relevance: Colorectal diseases in pregnant women represent a significant medical concern, as physiological changes during gestation may contribute to their development. The prevalence of anorectal disorders, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and fecal incontinence, increases as pregnancy progresses, necessitating timely diagnosis and the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
The study aimed to assess the characteristics of the course of proctological diseases in pregnant women to improve their diagnosis and therapy in outpatient settings.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 153 pregnant women referred for proctologist consultation at Polyclinic No. 3 in Karaganda from 2022 to 2024 with suspected proctological pathology or a previously established diagnosis. The methods used included collecting anamnesis, physical examination, and instrumental diagnostics (anoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy, ultrasound examination). Group data were compared using Student's t-test for quantitative data and χ² test for categorical variables. The differences were reliable at p < 0.05. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.
Results: The mean age of the involved pregnant women was 29.2±6.3 years. Most of them (48.4%) sought consultation in the third trimester. The most common colorectal conditions were hemorrhoids (37.5%), anal fissures (30.0%), and fecal incontinence (22.5%). The incidence of constipation significantly increased as pregnancy progressed (p<0.05). Anal fissures were more frequently diagnosed in the first trimester, whereas hemorrhoids and fecal incontinence were more prevalent in the second and third trimesters.
Conclusion: Pregnancy has a significant impact on the development and course of colorectal diseases, necessitating continuous monitoring, timely diagnosis, and preventive interventions. The findings emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing pregnant women with anorectal pathology and the development of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
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