Pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational obesity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.1.2023.109-115Keywords:
pregnancy, obesity, inflammation, BMI, obstetric outcomes, neonatal outcomesAbstract
Relevance: The frequency of obesity is growing each year in the general population and among women of fertile age. Over one-third of women of fertile age are overweight or have obesity. Being overweight or obese contributes to maternal and newborn disease, and obese women have higher rates of infertility and an increased risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This research examines the influence of pregestational obesity in pregnancy on maternal and newborn outcomes based on the medical database.
The study aimed to examine the influence of pre-gestational obesity on maternal and neonatal outcomes in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Materials and methods: A clinical study included 88 women with singleton pregnancies and deliveries between 2021 and 2022. Pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed using the database of the registry of births in the city hospital in pregnant women with a healthy body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, n = 41) and in pregnant women with pregestational obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2, n = 47). Pregnancy outcomes were also evaluated comparatively by the degree of obesity (BMI between 30-34.9 kg/m 2, n = 25 and BMI ≥35 kg/m 2, n = 22).
Results: Females with pregestational obesity were significantly more likely to have gestational hypertension (p < 0.0001), pre-eclampsia (p < 0.0001), gestational diabetes (p < 0.0001), dystocia of the fetal shoulders (p < 0.0001), induced labor (p < 0.0001), ineffectiveness from induction of labor (p < 0.0001), cesarean section (p = 0.001), large fetus (p < 0.0001). However, it is important to note that women with a BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 had a significantly increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, dystocia, and newborns with an Apgar score of ≤7.
Conclusion: It was determined that women with pre-pregnancy obesity have a higher risk of several complications (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, dystocia, failure to induce labor, delivery with a large fetus and cesarean section) in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum period compared to non-obese pregnant women.
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