Optimization of diagnostic algorithm for jaundice in infants at PHC level: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.3.2024.36-41Keywords:
neonatal jaundice, newborns, hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin, phototherapy, biochemical blood analysis, breastfeeding jaundiceAbstract
Relevance: Jaundice syndrome in young children is determined by its frequent manifestation in newborns and in the first months of life. Timely diagnosis of jaundice in children under one year of age helps prevent serious complications. Jaundice can be physiological (up to 2 weeks in full-term newborns and up to 3 weeks in premature babies) or pathological (from the first two days to more than a month after birth). Early detection and treatment are crucial for the healthy development of the child.
The study aimed to summarize current data on the risk factors and diagnostic significance of jaundice syndrome in early childhood.
Materials and Methods: This review included domestic and foreign publications in the NCBI (PubMed), Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, and eLibrary databases published from 2014 to 2024. Search terms included “jaundice,” “neonatal jaundice,” “hyperbilirubinemia,” “cholestasis,” “hepatitis,” and “newborn,” using the MESH search tool.
Results: Jaundice in early childhood requires early detection and appropriate treatment to prevent severe complications. Risk factors identified include maternal illnesses during pregnancy (ARI, gestational diabetes, anemia), episiotomy during delivery, prolonged oligohydramnios, and insufficient early feeding in the first days. Understanding these factors allows healthcare professionals to provide parents with adequate information and ensure timely treatment for affected newborns.
Conclusion: Recent studies show that jaundice syndrome is common in children under one year of age, especially in newborns. Early detection of jaundice prevents possible long-term complications. Further research is needed to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of jaundice and reduce the incidence of long-term complications in affected children.
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