Assessment of risk factors leading to congenital malformations in the Turkestan region
Keywords:
congenital malformations, anomalies, risk factorsAbstract
Relevance: Our research, the first of its kind in the Turkestan region, aims to understand the significance of risk factors leading to congenital malformations. By identifying these risk factors, our research has the potential to significantly impact women's preparation for preconception and pregnancy, offering hope for a healthier future.
The study aimed to assess the significance of various risk factors leading to congenital malformations in young children in the Turkestan region.
Materials and Methods: Our study was meticulously carried out in several stages, ensuring the reliability of our findings. In the first stage, we conducted an extensive search across multiple reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and electronic library databases. We analyzed 19 out of 40 sources found using the keywords “congenital malformation,” “infant anomaly,” “pregnancy,” “risk factors for congenital malformations,” and “and newborn.” The search depth spanned 10 years (2014-2024). In the second stage, a comprehensive survey of 40 questions was conducted among 600 pregnant and postpartum women aged 16-46 years diagnosed with congenital malformations in 2020-2024. The developed questionnaire was conducted based on the Regional Perinatal Center No. 3 (OPС No. 3) of the Turkestan region.Results: The most critical risk factors in the Turkestan region for the formation of congenital malformations in the fetus (p <0.01) in the leading group were considered the following: family history (presence in the family of a child with other congenital malformations 35 (11.3%); congenital malformations relatives had 57 (18.9%) defects, 90 (29.8%) viral infectious diseases during pregnancy, 165 (54.6%) extragenital diseases, 91 (30.1%) taking medications.
Conclusion: It is essential to reduce risk factors during pregnancy and prevent congenital malformations through timely prenatal diagnosis and monitoring, which reduces the complications of congenital malformations, disability, and perinatal infant mortality among newborns.
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