Гистоморфометрическое сравнение макрососудов плаценты при преэклампсии и нормотензивной беременности

K.Sh.  Makhambetova; E.K. Kamyshanskiy; О.А. Ponamoreva; G.T. Amirbekova; N.M. Oshahtieva

doi:10.37800/RM.4.2024.429

Authors

K.Sh. Makhambetova НАО "Медицинский Университет Караганды"
E.K. Kamyshanskiy
О.А. Ponamoreva
G.T. Amirbekova
N.M. Oshahtieva

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.4.2024.429

Keywords:

Chorionic villi vessels, Morphometry, placenta, preeclampsia, Normotensive pregnancy

Abstract

Relevance: To date, morphometric studies of placental vessels demonstrate different structural changes in the vasculature of the placental villous tree in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy, which emphasizes the need for studies of changes in the placental vasculature in preeclampsia using standardized methods of morphometric analysis.
The study aimed to identify the association of placental angiopathy in normotensive pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.
Materials and Methods: The study included placentas from singleton pregnancies by preeclampsia, women who gave birth in medical organizations in Karaganda (Kazakhstan). Placentas were divided into Preeclampsia (n = 59) and Control groups (n = 70), matched for gestational age. Placental examination and collection of placental tissue fragments were carried out following the Consensus Recommendation of the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group. Sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson’s trichrome. Morphometric measurements were performed using ImageJ software.
Results: Our data showed in the PE group a significant decrease in the wall thickness of the proximal and distal vessels with an increase in internal diameter compared to the control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: We identified two histologic patterns of placental macro vessels in preeclampsia: a histophenotype of diffuse (proximal and distal) elastic macroangiopathy with a thin vessel wall with a decrease in the thickness of the muscle layer and a histophenotype of proximal fibromuscular sclerosis with vascular obliteration/spasm and distal ectatic macroangiopathy. We assume that significant structural differences in vascular remodeling may reflect different temporal-spatial patterns of acting of the pathological factor. Future studies shall examine associations between placental vascular remodeling histologic patterns in preeclampsia and long-term maternal outcomes.

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