Gastrointestinal stoma performed in newborns with gastrointestinal tract defects methods effectiveness evaluation

Abstract

Relevance: Modern methods of early diagnosis of birth defects in infants and treatment of acute surgical pathology of the intestinal tract determine the possibility of rapid, radical surgical correction to restore body functions and development of the child by age periods. Intestinal stoma in infants, the incidence is 30-50%. Without an intestinal stoma, it is impossible to imagine any kind of reconstructive homeland.
The study aimed to conduct a comparative retrospective and prospective analysis of surgical treatment in newborns with the imposition of an intestinal stoma.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on congenital and acquired diseases in 42 newborns treated at the Neonatology and Neonatal Surgery Department of the Hospital of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, JSC (Almaty, Kazakhstan) from 2014 to 2023.
Results: Thus, in many cases, the appearance of an intestinal stoma in pediatric practice is temporary and implies the subsequent restoration of intestinal permeability, which is decisive in choosing the type of intestinal stoma and the methodology for its formation. A properly formed stoma should perform its functions without aggravation but alleviate the condition of a sick child. However, an operation that seems simple at first glance, the use of an intestinal stoma, may be accompanied by various technical errors, leading to a wide range of complications, from minimal to severe, that put the patient's life at risk.
Conclusion: Due to early diagnosis and plastic surgery to restore congenital and acquired defects of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns, timely surgery to create and improve the peritoneal aponeurotic ring, in turn, gave a positive result (98.25%). Using this method, it was possible to prevent early and late postoperative complications. The surgery on newborns improved the surgical treatment performed on them, and the simultaneous adjustment with the development of care technology allowed for a good result of treatment. This article is written with the objective of improving the clinical experience of the Pediatric Surgery Association concerning the results of the proposed surgical treatment.