Clinical and anamnestic risk factors for developing preeclampsia

Abstract

Relevance: Preeclampsia is one of the most important problems in modern obstetrics. Despite many studies, the etiological factors of preeclampsia remain unknown. The main risk factors for the development of preeclampsia are chronic kidney disease (58.6%), vascular pathology
(51.7%), endocrine pathology (38.0%), metabolic syndrome (24.0%), heart disease (22.0% ), and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (20.7%). The significant frequency of this complication dictates the need for active preventive and therapeutic measures in patients at risk of developing
preeclampsia.
The study aimed to assess the risk of developing preeclampsia based on clinical and anamnestic factors.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted, which included 218 women (117 controls and 101 cases). An analysis of clinical and anamnestic indicators and gynecological examination data was conducted. To build a prognosis model for preeclampsia with risk
calculation, multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used.
Results: According to the somatic and gynecological history analysis, the chronic extragenital diseases included pyelonephritis and myopia in Group I; myopia, mastopathy, pyelonephritis, and chronic arterial hypertension in Group II. Varicose veins of the lower extremities occurred with a frequency of 6.9% in Group I and 4.3% in Group II (p>0.05). Of gynecological diseases, cervical erosion was the most common in both groups – 5.9% and 15% of patients. Ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids were detected in 1% of cases each in Group I; polycystic ovary syndrome and an endometrial polyp were detected in 1% of cases in Group II (p<0.05). 

Conclusion: The assessment of the association of anamnestic and clinical data with the risk of developing preeclampsia revealed a statistically significant relation with the subjects’ age, the age of menarche, and systolic and diastolic arterial pressure at admission.