Medical and organizational approaches to preventing major sexually transmitted infections among young people: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.4.2025.608Keywords:
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), STI prevention, youth, reproductive health, sexual education, family involvement, youth centersAbstract
Relevance: Adolescence is a critical period for the formation of sexual identity and reproductive behavior. During this stage, there is a high risk of engaging in risky sexual behavior, which may lead to unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Limited access to healthcare and educational resources, insufficient awareness, and social barriers make STI prevention particularly relevant.
The study aimed to summarize current evidence on medico-organizational approaches to STI prevention among youth and identify the most effective models of preventive programs.
Materials and Methods: An analytical review of publications from 2014 to 2024 was conducted, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Literature searches were performed by keywords in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and domestic sources. After selection and critical evaluation of methodology, 29 relevant publications were included in the analysis.
Results: Effective STI prevention requires a comprehensive, multisectoral approach that combines medical, educational, and socio-psychological measures. School-based sexual education programs, parental involvement, youth-friendly centers, and digital tools (mobile applications, online courses, SMS interventions) increase awareness, promote safe behaviors, and reduce incidence. Integration of educational, psychological, and medical services strengthens adolescents’ trust in the healthcare system and fosters informed decision-making skills.
Conclusion: The most effective approaches are comprehensive, culturally adapted programs based on evidence-based medicine and multisectoral collaboration. In Kazakhstan, priority areas include developing a national sexual education model, establishing youth-friendly centers, and using digital technologies to ensure accessibility, confidentiality, and a sustainable preventive impact.
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