The role of maternal atopy and early immune markers in the development of atopic dermatitis in children during the first year of life: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.2.2026.738Keywords:
atopic dermatitis, infants in the first year of life, atopic march, maternal atopy, cord blood, Th2 immune response, biomarkers, , early diagnosis, risk predictionAbstract
Relevance: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in early childhood and plays a key role in the development of the atopic march. There is growing scientific interest in the role of antenatal factors and perinatal immunological processes in the development of the disease.
The study aimed to summarize and critically evaluate current data on the role of maternal atopy and key immune markers (TARC/CCL17, IgE, ECP) in the development of atopic dermatitis in children in the first year of life.
Materials and Methods: The review was conducted by analyzing publications from international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline), with a focus on studies published in the last 10 years. The initial search identified 956 publications; after examining 185 full-text articles, 50 publications were included in the review.
Results: The development of AD is determined by the interaction of genetic factors, the intrauterine immune environment, and early postnatal exposures. Maternal atopy is associated with the development of a Th2-biased immune response in newborns and an increased risk of early sensitization. Impaired skin barrier function and activation of innate immunity, driven by increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), play a key role. Early AD is characterized by elevated levels of TARC, IgE, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), along with decreased regulatory cytokines.
Conclusion: In-depth studies of antenatal factors and immunological biomarkers, including TARC, IgE, and ESR, are crucial for understanding the early mechanisms of AD. Understanding these relationships is essential for early diagnosis of at-risk groups, prevention of severe forms of the disease, and the development of personalized care programs for children in their first year of life.
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