Clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia in children with iron deficiency anemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.2.2025.524Keywords:
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), children, pediatrics, immune status, clinical and laboratory findings, complicated courseAbstract
Relevance: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, particularly in the presence of comorbid conditions such as iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which complicates the course of pneumonia, increases the risk of complications and recurrences, and impairs the child’s immune function. Therefore, there is a need to improve the diagnostic and treatment approaches for CAP in children with IDA.
The study aimed to investigate the clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia in young children with iron deficiency anemia.
Materials and Methods: The study included 40 children divided into two groups: children with CAP and moderate IDA (n = 20) and children with CAP without IDA (n = 20). A comparative analysis of the clinical manifestations and duration of pneumonia was conducted. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis methods were applied.
Results: The results demonstrated that children with CAP and IDA had a more severe and prolonged course of pneumonia, characterized by pronounced respiratory failure and a longer recovery period, compared to children without IDA. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and correction of IDA in treating CAP in children.
Conclusion: The study of the clinical features of CAP in children, depending on the presence of IDA, remains relevant, particularly given the differences in clinical presentation. Investigating the characteristics of CAP in children with comorbid conditions is important for determining severity criteria and improving treatment strategies.
References
Каримжанов И.А., Газиева А.С., Тогаев М.К. Внебольничная пневмония у детей: обзор литературы. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук. 2023;3(1):34-41.
Karimdzhanov IA, Gaziyeva AS, Togaev MK. Community-acquired pneumonia in children: literature review. Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences. 2023;3(1):34-41. Russian
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7512069
Авдеев С.Н., Дехнич А.В., Зайцев А.А., Козлов Р.С., Рачина С.А., Руднов В.А., Синопальников А.И., Тюрин И.Е., Фесенко О.В., Чучалин А.Г. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению внебольничной пневмонии. Пульмонология. 2022;32(3):295-355.
Avdeev SN, Dekhnich AV, Zaitsev AA, Kozlov RS, Rachina SA, Rudnov VA, Sinopal’nikov AI, Tyurin IE, Fesenko OV, Chuchalin AG. Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Pulmonologiya. 2022;32(3):295–355. Russian.
https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-3-295-355
Исаева Г.Ш., Зарипова А.З., Баязитова Л.Т., Зиатдинов В.Б., Цибульская Э.Ф., Сенек С.А., Зиатдинов А.И. Внебольничные пневмонии и циркуляция пневмококков в детской популяции. Материалы конгресса РКММИ 2023: Сборник тезисов; 2023 мар 2–3; Москва, Россия. Москва: ООО "Издательско-полиграфическое объединение "У Никитских ворот"; 2023. С. 30–32.
Isaeva GS, Zaripova AZ, Bayazitova LT, Ziatdinov VB, Tsibulskaya EF, Senek SA, Ziatdinov AI. Community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal circulation in the pediatric population. In: RSCMI 2023 Congress Materials: Abstract book; 2023 Mar 2–3; Moscow, Russia. Moscow: U Nikitskikh Vorot Publishing House LLC; 2023. P. 30–32. Russian.
https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50475544
World Health Organization. The integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2013. Available from:
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/79200/9789241505239_eng.pdf?sequence=1
Di Pasquale MF, Sotgiu G, Gramegna A, Radovanovic D, Terraneo S, Reyes LF, Rupp J, González Del Castillo J, Blasi F, Aliberti S, Restrepo MI; GLIMP Investigators. Prevalence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(9):1482-1493.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy723
World. Пневмония у детей [Интернет]. Who.int. World Health Organization: WHO; 11.11.2022 [дата доступа: 19.05.2025]. Адрес доступа:
World. Pneumonia in children [Internet]. Who.int. World Health Organization: WHO; 2022 Nov 11 [cited 2025 May 19]. Russian. Available from:
https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia
HinksL. FIRS calls for urgent action to expand access to pneumonia prevention and treatment worldwide. ERS - European Respiratory Society [Internet]. ERS - European Respiratory Society. 2024. Available from:
Национальный центр общественного здравоохранения. Вспышка пневмонии в Казахстане. Дневная смена | 23.12.2024 [Интернет]. hls.kz. 2024 [дата доступа: 20 мая 2025]. Адрес доступа:
National Center of Public Health. (2024). Pneumonia outbreak in Kazakhstan. Day shift | 23.12.2024 [Internet]. hls.kz. 2024 [cited 2025 May 20]. Russian. Available from:
https://hls.kz/ru/archives/45939
Пневмония в Казахстане: с начала года выявили более 76 тысяч случаев [Интернет]. 24.kz. 2025 [дата доступа: 19.05.2025]. Адрес доступа:
Pneumonia in Kazakhstan: over 76 thousand cases have been identified since the beginning of the year [Internet]. 24.kz. 2025 [cited 2025 May 19]. Russian. Available from:
Ushani Jayamanna, Sampath A. Childhood Anemia and Risk for Acute Respiratory Infection, Gastroenteritis, and Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Infect Dis. 2022;18(02):061-070.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760237
Nawaz R, Hussain S, Khushdil A, Tanveer S, Javed M, Akram S. Association of iron deficiency anemia with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2021;71(4):1322-26.
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i4.2549
Железодефицитная анемия у детей. Версия: Клинические протоколы МЗ РК – 2018 (Казахстан). Одобрен Объединенной комиссией по качеству медицинских услуг Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан от «25» апреля 2019 года, Протокол №64. Адрес доступа:
Iron deficiency anemia in children. Version: Clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 2018 (Kazakhstan). Approved by the Joint Commission on the quality of medical services of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 25, 2019, Minutes No. 64. Russian. Available from:
https://diseases.medelement.com/disease/железодефицитная-анемия-у-детей-2018/16034
В Казахстане чаще диагностируют железодефицитную анемию: всему виной фастфуд [Интернет]. 24.kz. 2023 [дата доступа: 19.05.2025]. Адрес доступа:
Iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed more often in Kazakhstan: fast food is to blame [Internet]. 24.kz. 2023 [cited 2025 May 19]. Russian. Available from:
World Health Organization. Anaemia [Internet]. www.who.int. World Health Organisation; 2024. Available from:
https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1
McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in children: physiology, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical effects, laboratory diagnosis and treatment. J Xiangya Med. 2021;6:38.
https://jxym.amegroups.org/article/view/7381/html
Kumar A, Sharma E, Marley A, Samaan MA, Brookes MJ. Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2022;9(1):e000759.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000759
Awasthi S, Rastogi T, Pandey AK, Roy C, Mishra K, Verma N, Kumar CB, Jain PK, Yadav R, Chauhan A, Mohindra N, Shukla RC, Agarwal M, Pandey CM, Kohli N. Epidemiology of Hypoxic Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years of Age: An Observational Study in Northern India. Front Pediatr. 2022;9:790109.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.790109
Stepan D, Dop D, Moroşanu A, Vintilescu B, Niculescu C. Implications of iron deficiency in lower respiratory tract infections in toddlers. Curr Health Sci J. 2018;44(4):362-367.
https://doi.org/10.12865/CHSJ.44.04.07
Chang IF, Shih WL, Liu YC, Ho TW, Yen TY, Chang HH, Chang LY, Fang CT, Lai F. The association of anemia with the clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022;57(6):1416-1424.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25892
Зайнабитдинова С.Н., Шамсиев Ф.М. Клинические и иммунологические особенности затяжной внебольничной пневмонии у детей после COVID-19. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2023;26(S4):37–38.
Zainabitdinova, S.N., Shamsiev, F.M. Clinical and immune features of prolonged community-acquired pneumonia in children after COVID-19. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2023;26(S4):37–38. Russian.
https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2023-26-S4
Alsharkawy, A.A.A., Rezk, A.R. Role of vitamin D, serum zinc, and serum iron deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia in children. Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz. 2021;69:19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43054-021-00065-z
Akther N, Ghosh UK, Sufian A, Hafiz F, Banu NA, Bhuiyan MM, Islam T. Association of iron deficiency anemia with pneumonia in 6 months to 5 years old children. EMC J. 2022;7(2):10-15.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 А.Н. Байгутанова, А.А. Жанпейсова, Б.Т. Тукбекова, К.С. Жумаканова, А.С. Ахаева
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The articles published in this Journal are licensed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International) license, which provides for their non-commercial use only. Under this license, users have the right to copy and distribute the material in copyright but are not permitted to modify or use it for commercial purposes. Full details on the licensing are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
