Unexplained infertility, unresolved questions: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.4.2025.618Keywords:
Unknown origin infertility, genetic factors of infertility, microbiome of the reproductive tract, immunological aspects of infertility, psycho-emotional factors, lifestyle modificationAbstract
Relevance: Unexplained infertility (UI) remains one of the most complex challenges in modern reproductive medicine. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, approximately 10–30% of infertility cases have no clearly identified cause. This paper explores the psychological, genetic, and immunological aspects of UI, as well as promising research directions in this field. In-depth study of these aspects is particularly relevant in order to improve the effectiveness of therapy and enhance reproductive outcomes in patients with this type of infertility.
The study aimed to analyze current literature on unexplained infertility.
Materials and Methods: A search of English-language literature sources published in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase over the past 5 years was conducted using the keywords «unknown origin infertility», «genetic factors of infertility», «immunological aspects of infertility», «psychoemotional factors», and «lifestyle modification». After reviewing the titles and abstracts, we identified 736 potentially relevant publications and read 159 full-text articles. Of them, 42 publications were included in this systematic review.
Results: Based on the literature review, a comprehensive analysis of psychological, immunological, and genetic factors significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing unexplained infertility. The use of modern molecular methods enables effective identification and elimination of key causes of infertility, including immune disorders. Incorporating lifestyle modification and psychotherapeutic support contributes to improved reproductive outcomes, particularly in patients with metabolic disorders.
Conclusions: Thus, the data from modern scientific literature indicate the complex pathogenesis of infertility of unclear genesis. The obtained data open the way to the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Effective diagnosis and treatment should be based on integrating psychoemotional, immunological, and genetic data; psychotherapeutic support; and lifestyle correction, including nutrition and physical activity, which is especially important in cases of obesity and metabolic disorders. Interdisciplinary research is necessary for the further development of the problem of infertility of unclear genesis.
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