Persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: The role of reproductive, microbiological, and immunological factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37800/RM.1.2026.713Keywords:
human papillomavirus, HPV 16/18, CIN, vaginal dysbiosis, vitamin D deficiency, anemiaAbstract
Relevance: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, is the main etiological factor of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, HPV persistence and progression of cervical epithelial lesions depend not only on the viral factor but also on reproductive history, vaginal microbiocenosis, and the immune status of patients.
The study aimed to evaluate the association between high-risk HPV persistence and cervical epithelial lesions, taking into account reproductive history, vaginal microbiocenosis, and immunological laboratory parameters.
Materials and Methods: The study included 163 women with abnormal cytological findings, including atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). All patients underwent liquid-based cytology, HPV genotyping, assessment of vaginal microbiocenosis, and laboratory testing (hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin D levels). Extended colposcopy was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. In cases of suspicious findings, a targeted cervical biopsy followed by histological examination was performed.
Results: HPV 16/18 was detected in 49.1% of patients, while other oncogenic types were identified in 35.0%. In the HSIL group, HPV 16/18 was detected in 64% of women. Vaginal dysbiosis was observed in 55.8% of patients. Anemia (28.2%), low ferritin levels (31.9%), and vitamin D deficiency (54.6%) were more common in severe forms of CIN.
Conclusion: Persistence of HPV 16/18, disruption of vaginal microbiocenosis, and immune deficiency significantly increase the risk of CIN development. Timely identification and correction of these factors are essential for preventing cervical pathology.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Т.Ю. Нурбаева , Ә.Н. Байжанова , А.С. Казыбаева , Г.С. Бөлекбаева , Д.А. Көбей , М.Б. Мейрахан , Д.Н. Омарова
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